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-====== Channelflow Tutorial ====== 
  
-===== Intro ===== 
- 
-So you've installed channelflow. Now what? Well, computational fluid 
-dynamics is a pretty big field, and there'​s no telling what kinds of 
-ideas you might want to explore. For this reason Channelflow was 
-developed primarily as a *programming language*. If you're using 
-Channelflow for research towards a Ph.D. thesis, you will probably 
-eventually end up writing your own channelflow programs, for example, 
-modifying existing programs to integrate flows and analyze data. Or 
-you might need to modify the time-integration routines to incorporate 
-additional physics (polymer additives, bubbles, etc.) 
- 
-However, channelflow also includes a number of predefined utility 
-programs that a basic set of important computations,​ such as 
-time-integration of plane Couette and channel flows and measuring 
-properties of velocity fields. These utilities suffice for the bulk 
-of my own research. Probably the best way to get started with 
-channelflow is to step through a few examples of run-of-the-mill 
-calculations using these utilities. If you want to get right to these 
-examples, skip to Section 3. 
- 
- 
-===== Overview of channelflow utility programs ===== 
- 
-Here's a list of current channelflow utilities. The first three 
-are taken out of alphabetical order because they'​re featured in 
-Section 3, Example Calculations. 
- 
-^ program name ^ purpose ^ 
-| randomfield ​  | build a random initial velocity field, save to disk | 
-| couette ​      | integrate an initial condition, save results to disk | 
-| fieldprops ​   | print out norms, symmetries, geometrical data of a stored field | 
-| makemovie ​    | extract slices of fields in order to make a movie | 
-| addfields ​    | compute sum a_n u_n and store result to disk | 
-| arnoldi ​      | compute the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of eqbs and orbits | 
-| ascii2field ​  | convert a file of ASCII data to a channelflow FlowField | 
-| changegrid ​   | change the discretization or box size of a field | 
-| field2ascii ​  | convert a channelflow FlowField to a file of ASCII data | 
-| fieldplots ​   | extract a number of 2D slices of the 3D field, good for plots | 
-| findorbit ​    | compute an equilibrium or periodic orbit of plane Couette | 
-| L2Dist ​       | compute the L2 distance between two fields | 
-| L2IP          | compute the L2 inner product | 
-| makebasis ​    | construct an orthonormal basis from a set of fields | 
-| makeheatmode ​ | construct a field that decays in time according to Laplace eqn | 
-| makestokesmode | construct a stokes eigenfunction of laminar equilibrium | 
-| perturbfield ​ | add random perturbations to a given field | 
-| projectfields | project a set of fields onto a given basis | 
-| projectseries | project a sequence of fields onto a given basis | 
-| seriesprops ​  | compute statistics on a sequence of data | 
-| symmetrize ​   | find the phase shift of a field that optimizes symmetries | 
- 
-The utilities are stand-alone command-line programs that are run from 
-the Unix shell. You can get brief built-in help information on each 
-utility by running it with a -h or --help option. For example, running 
-"​couette --help"​ produces 
- 
-  gibson@akbar$ couette --help 
-  couette : 
-        integrate an initial condition and save velocity fields to disk. 
- 
-  options : 
-    -T0       ​--T0 ​          <​real> ​  ​default == 0       start time 
-    -T1       ​--T1 ​          <​real> ​  ​default == 100     end time 
-    -vdt      --variabledt ​                              ​adjust dt for CFL 
-    -dt       ​--dt ​          <​real> ​  ​default == 0.03125 timestep 
-    -dtmin ​   --dtmin ​       <​real> ​  ​default == 0.001   ​minimum time step 
-    -dtmax ​   --dtmax ​       <​real> ​  ​default == 0.05    maximum time step 
-    -dT       ​--dT ​          <​real> ​  ​default == 1       save interval 
-    -CFLmin ​  ​--CFLmin ​      <​real> ​  ​default == 0.4     ​minimum CFL number 
-    -CFLmax ​  ​--CFLmax ​      <​real> ​  ​default == 0.6     ​maximum CFL number 
-    -ts       ​--timestepping <​string>​ default == sbdf3   ​timestepping algorithm 
-    ... 
-     ​-p ​       --pressure ​                               print pressure grad 
-    <​flowfield> ​     (trailing arg 1)                    initial condition 
- 
-The built-in help gives a brief description of each utility'​s purpose 
- 
-and a list of its command-line options and arguments. Channelflow 
-utilities are invoked at the command line with syntax like 
- 
-   ​utility -opt1 value -opt2 value -flag1 arg3 arg2 arg1 
- 
-or concretely 
- 
-   ​couette -T0 0 -T1 -vdt -dt 0.02 -ts sbdf4 u0.ff 
- 
- 
-"​Options"​ (e.g. -opt1 value) are used to reset default values 
-of parameters. For options, the first two columns in the built-in 
-help give the short and long form of the option (e.g. -ts and 
---timestepping),​ the third column indicates the type of parameter 
-expected (e.g. real, int, bool, string), and the fourth gives the 
-the default value. For example, "​couette -dt 0.02 -ts cnab2" sets 
-the time stepping method to 2nd order Crank-Nicolson Adams-Bashforth 
-with dt=0.02. 
- 
-"​Flags"​ simply turn on boolean options that would otherwise be set 
-to false. For example, calling "​couette -vdt" turns on variable-dt 
-timestepping,​ which adjusts dt at fixed intervals to keep the CFL 
-number within bounds. For flags the third and fourth columns of 
-built-in help are left blank. 
- 
-"​Arguments"​ always come after all options and flags. Arguments usually 
-specify the filenames of binary velocity fields that the utility will 
-load and operate on. Most channelflow programs have one required 
-argument (e.g. "​couette u0.ff"​) some two (e.g. "​L2Dist u0.ff u2.ff"​). 
-Others take a variable number of arguments (e.g. makebasis u0 u1 u2"). 
-Unfortunately it's difficult to document variable-number arguments 
-properly in the four-column option system, so variable-number arguments 
-are usually documented with a "​usage:​ line right after the description 
-of the utility'​s purpose. 
- 
-So, as you read work through the Example Calculations,​ you can run the 
-suggested command with a --help option to clarify what the options are 
-doing and what other options are possible. 
- 
- 
-===== Example Calculations ===== 
-==== How to make a movie of a flow ==== 
- 
- 
-=== Generate an initial condition and examine its properties === 
- 
-  gibson@akbar$ randomfield -Nx 48 -Ny 35 -Nz 48 -lx 0.875 -lz 0.6 -m 0.20 u0.ff 
- 
-This command generates a no-slip, divergence-free velocity field with 
-random spectral coefficients on a 48 x 35 x 48 grid, on [0, 2pi] x 
-[-1, 1] x [0, pi], with magnitude 1/V \integral_V |u|^2 dx = 0.2. The 
-field is a perturbation from the laminar flow --by default, velocity 
-fields in channelflow are differences from laminar. The spectral 
-coefficients are random within an exponentially decaying envelope, 
-roughly similar to turbulent fields. The velocity field is saved to 
-disk in binary format in file u0.ff (the .ff stands for "​FlowField",​ 
-the name of the C++ class for velocity, pressure and tensor fields in 
-channelflow). The channelflow binary format stores the spectral 
-coefficients,​ the geometry, and all discretization information so the 
-field can be reconstructed entirely from the data in the file. You can 
-list this information and some dynamical properties of the field by 
-running 
- 
-  gibson@akbar$ fieldprops u0.ff 
- 
- 
-=== Integrate a flow in time, saving the results to disk === 
- 
-  gibson@akbar$ couette -T0 0 -T1 200 -l2 -o data u0.ff 
- 
-This command load the velocity field u0.ff from disk and integrates it 
-in time (using the default integration algorithm and parameters) from 
-t=T0=0 to t=T1=200, and saves the time varying velocity field to disk 
-at the interval dT=1.0 (the default save interval) in a directory 
-named data/. The -l2 option prints out the L2 norm of u as well as the 
-Chebyshev-weighted norm. 
- 
-After this command finishes, look in the data/ directory, and you will 
-see u0.ff u1.ff u2.ff etc. The integer label is the time (remember the 
-save interval is dT=1.0). If you choose a noninteger save interval, 
-the filenames will be something like u0.000.ff u0.975.ff etc. 
- 
- 
-=== Extract data from the sequence of stored velocity fields for plotting === 
- 
-  gibson@akbar$ movieframes -T0 0 -T1 200 -d data -o frames 
- 
-The movieframes program reads in the series of files data/u0.ff, 
-data/u1.ff, etc. and extracts a number of 2D slices of the 3D fields 
- 
-that are good for visualizing the flow. These 2D slices are stored in 
-the frames/ directory with filenames like u0_yz_slice.asc. 
- 
- 
-=== Make a movie from the extracted data === 
- 
-To make a movie using channelflow'​s existing visualization tools, you 
-need Matlab. (If you would like to write similar tools for another 
-visualization package, please do so and send them to me!). Start up 
-Matlab. Get all the scripts in channelflow/​matlab into your Matlab 
-path. Do this either by copying the scripts into the current 
-directory, by copying them to wherever you store your Matlab scripts, 
-or by putting channelflow/​matlab in your Matlab path. You can do that 
-by typing '​addpath /​home/​larry/​channelflow-1.3.2/​matlab'​ at the Matlab 
-prompt (changing the directory as appropriate). 
- 
-Then, within Matlab change to the directory that where you ran the 
-couette programs, the one with data/ and frames/ subdirectories. 
-Within Matlab run 
- 
-   ​makemovie(0,​1,​200,​0,​1,​10,​ '​couette.avi'​);​ 
- 
-This will construct a movie of the 3D velocity field as it evolves in 
-time and store the result in file couette.avi,​ in AVI format. Running 
-'help makemovie'​ will give you a help string about the makemovie 
-script and its arguments; briefly, here the arguments are 
- 
-  0    starting frame number 
-  1    frame interval 
-  200  ending frame number 
-  0    starting time (t=0.0) 
-  1    time interval (dT=1.0) 
-  10   ​frames per second 
-  '​couette.avi'​ output filename 
- 
-=== Converting the AVI file === 
- 
-Matlab produces only uncompressed AVI files on Linux. You will probably want to  
-compress the AVI file and convert it to another format. On Linux you can do this with 
-''​mencoder'',​ which is part of the MPlayer package. For example, this command will  
-convert ''​couette.avi''​ file to a flash video file ''​couette.flv''​. 
- 
-   ​gibson@akbar$ mencoder couette.avi -nosound -of lavf -lavopts format=flv -ovc lavc -lavcopts vcodec=flv:​vmax_b_frames=0:​vbitrate=1600 -o couette.flv 
- 
-Adjust the bitrate to balance filesize and video quality. 
- 
-==== Project movie data onto state-space coordinates ==== 
- 
-It can be useful to look at the temporal evolution of a fluid as 
-a trajectory in state space. The number of degrees of freedom in 
-a fluid simulation is very high (e.g. 10^5), so it is necessary 
-to project the fields into a low-dimensional basis in order to 
-plot the trajectory and look at it. We have found that good 
-projection bases can be constructed from the "group orbits"​ of 
-equilibria under the symmetries of plane Couette flow. In simple 
-language, we take linear combinations of equilibria and their 
-translations in x,z to form orthonormal basis sets. 
- 
-=== Make a low-d basis === 
- 
-Download an equilibrium solution of plane Couette flow from the 
-channelflow website, one that is compatible in geometry and 
-discretization. 
- 
-(to be continued...) 
- 
-                                                                      
docs/tutorial.txt ยท Last modified: 2010/02/02 07:55 (external edit)